Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln - 3895 Words

Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln Table of contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2. Whitman’s position in American literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 3. Whitman’s poetry before the civil war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............3 4. Lincoln’s death – a turning point for Whitman†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 5. Walt Whitman’s four poems on the American nation’s grief†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5.1 Hush d Be the Camps To-day†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 5.2. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom d†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5.3 O Captain! My Captain!................................................................................8 5.4 This Dust Was Once the Man†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 6. Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 7.†¦show more content†¦This poem is a prototype for Whitman’s pre-war writing style. He published his long poems with their innovative catalogue-style, a frequent stylistic use of enumeration and anaphora. Great examples for Whitman’s catalogue-like listings can be found in one of his early poems, Starting From Paumanok (Whitman 1871-72), which was published in several editions of Leaves of Grass. The visual image of the following example is characteristic for Whitman’s early writing style. â€Å"[†¦] 43 I will make the songs of passion, to give them their way, And your songs, outlaw d offenders—for I scan you with kindred eyes, and carry you with me the same as any. 44 I will make the true poem of riches, To earn for the body and the mind whatever adheres, and goes forward, and is not dropt by death. 45 I will effuse egotism, and show it underlying all—and I will be the bard of personality; And I will show of male and female that either is but the equal of the other; And sexual organs and acts! do you concentrate in me —for I am determin d to tell you with courageous clear voice, to prove you illustrious; And I will show that there is no imperfection in the present—and can be none in theShow MoreRelatedPresident Abraham Lincoln and Walt Whitman947 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln, admired by Walt Whitman, blossomed in â€Å"Whitmans writing and in American mythology†(Eiselein) for his leadership and nobility. Whitman hoped for a rugged, healthy, who knew what real, physical work was, to be the â€Å"[r]edeemer [p]resident of [t]hese [s]tates†(Whitman). His hopes came true â€Å"as in a dream†(Whitman) when â€Å"four years later, just such a beard-faced boatman†(Goodheart) entered the White House. Walt W hitman discovered the â€Å"comprehensive, all-directing soul he hadRead MoreTragedy Is Our Unity in Walt Whitman ´s Death of Abraham Lincoln605 Words   |  2 Pages Walt Whitman’s essay, Death of Abraham Lincoln, explains what Lincoln brought to our nation through his life and what he left behind through his death. Whitman observes Lincoln from afar, noticing the reactions a crowd has to his presence. He expresses the importance of first impressions through the awkward silence of the streets and crowds when Lincoln walks out of his unprepossessing carriage on his way to the Astor House prior to his inauguration. Lincoln’s presence took over the momentRead MoreThe Alegorical Nature of O Captain! 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Each poet describes â€Å"death† in diverse and different ways, altho ugh both convey the emotions and views of the loved ones left behind after a death. Both poets do so in a very individual and personal way such as their written style permits. Walt Whitman He was born on May 31, 1819 in West Hills, New York. His family, the Whitmans were amongRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem O Captain My Captain By Walt Whitman1337 Words   |  6 Pageswhen the poem was written. This poem, â€Å"O Captain, My Captain† was written by Walt Whitman in 1865 after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. This death of the beloved president left the entire country devastated. Walt Whitman was a very strong admirer of Abraham Lincoln and often saw him as a fatherly figure in his life. Whitman writes many times in his poem yelling â€Å"father† (Whitman 13). Whitman truly believed that Lincoln had kept this country together, even though there was such hatred between the

How Writing Is Changing Society - 988 Words

In today’s society one would not be able to communicate effectively with the world if writing was not involved. People all around the world send emails, texts, and letter to numerous amounts of individuals each second. Talking on the phone is slowly becoming a thing of the past while the writing side of technology is taking over. The meaning of writing is changing in society. Writing used to be specifically for academics or the occasional letter to a loved one. As time has passed writing has taken more forms and more meanings. In the world we live in now writing is classified as texting, emailing, instant messaging, and even comments or tweets on social media. Although writing has these multiple new forms, it still holds its academic side strongly. Everything with meaning in turn affects a person’s day to day life. Writing has the effect of making one more intellectual. Writing has become a bridge between communication and the cultures and people of today’s socie ty. It gives way for different options in stating sentences or phrases. (Olson). Each affect should change with age. As a person grows older, their writing styles should mature and take on a more professional aspect. In certain aspects, race does determine what type of level of writing people tend to be on. Society has the tendencies to put people in racial minority groups down on the academic scale. They often do not have a family history or high education and therefore puts their children in the same situation.Show MoreRelatedSociety s Ideal Of Beauty1037 Words   |  5 Pagesquite a bit. Society comes up with how one should look, making everyone feel like the way they look is not good enough. Society says look like this, look like that, and then every once in awhile society says look like you. Be yourself, they say. The minute anyone tries to be themselves, they are told it is wrong. No matter what someone does, it is wrong. 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We communicate with our words and gestures that interact with our everyday lives. Without language there would be no type of way we would be able to communicate with one another. Society would have a lack of understanding and communication. The use of language affect the way we speak, theRead MoreLiteracy And Cultural Identity Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesLiteracy is often described in American society in specific terms which include one’s ability to read and write. In today’s society, literacy begins at a young age at home, most parents are reading books to their children. Children’s ideology of reading is projected as good. But do all children have the same privilege? Children of diverse ethnicities in our society are struggling more than others with reading, writing and comprehending. Today’s culture requires a ba sic level of literacy in order

Theories and Principles of Learning free essay sample

Willis (1990) gave insight to how learning should be initiated by the teacher proposing ‘learning needs to be presented in the language of the learner in order to be accessible’. Students learn in their own way and factors influence this, so in different environments or for different students, some learning theories will work better than others. The behaviorist theory came about in the 20th century when it is was though that human learning could be predicted by the study of animals, at the time they experimented the use of stimuli to see the outcome from the animals. The behaviorist learning theory suggests that we learn by receiving a stimulus that provokes a response. So long as that response is reinforced in some way that response will be repeated. (Reece, Walker, 2006, pg81) Pavlov and Watson were one of the first to experiment with this and many people criticised them but it was proving to work, a bit like when you smell your favourite food, it sparks certain emotio ns that make you feel a certain way, this when put into the classroom can be used as a trigger for different activities or to calm behaviour. It is about getting the students to associate in the classroom, which will benefit the learning environment. Learning by association is considered a behavioural view and can be used within the lesson to trigger different parts of a lesson depending on what the task is. Within Design and Technology subject, lessons are normally broken up into practical based learning and theory based learning, and triggers can be used to put the learners in the correct frame of mind to be able to really connect with the work. â€Å"We are so used to seeing trademarks in the media and around our environment. The trademarks for Mercedes-Benz, Nike, McDonalds, for example, are so familiar that we do not need the company name to recognise who they are. This is because we have learnt the company name through association† (Ingleby, Joyce, Powell, 2010, pg. 62) As the quote explains, media makes the viewer associate different visuals with companies so that names are no longer needed. This can be achieved in lesson to separate different required elements of the lesson and also to stimulate students to think in a certain way. The student teacher achieves this with three different items that have been introduced into his lesson. One, the ‘objectives hat’. This is a bright top hat with coloured dots on it, this is a quirky hat and it is trying to promote a positive attitude about the lesson objective and the enjoyment that hopefully will follow. Another reason is also at the beginning of the lesson the students are required to know their objectives for the session and this hat is associated with writing them down in their books. The second object that is used is the ‘action hat’. This is an Australian hat with corks on it, it symbolises action and adventure and is used when the students are going to be starting practical in the workshop, vocal instructions is not needed when it is the practical part of the lesson, the hat lets students know that it is that time and they require to put and aprons and prepare for practical, the student teacher has mixed ability classes and some students would prefer visual stimuli so this promotes the inclusive learning of the students and gets all participating without confusion. Finally the third object that is used in the student teachers lesson is their plenary glasses. These are bright blue, thick-rimmed glasses, and they are to symbolise a few different aspects to the lesson, the main one for the learners is that it is associated with the end of the lesson. It also is a time for reflection, this is why the student teacher has picked glasses as the object because it symbolised looking back and reflecting. This is also a time to see what the students have learnt in lesson and during the lesson the student teacher has been assessing the students to see whether they are hitting the required levels targeted for them so when it comes to this part of the session where the plenary takes place the student teacher can ask specific questions to specific students which contributes to inclusive learning in the classroom, because it is getting all students involved at all levels. This techniques used is closely connected to the behaviourist theory and how learning can be associated with words and objects to spark stimulation. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened when followed by a reinforced reward) or diminished by a punishment(Ingleby, Joyce, Powell, 2010, pg65) Consequence and reward is something that works well in the student teachers placement, this is because their are a lot of SEN students who will not work on their own initiative and need firm guidelines to learn, so this is a technique used by student teacher and it is in the form of a consequence scale, this is a procedure which is used when students are behaving badly, and also on the reverse when a student has performed well in a class then they are put on the rewards side of this scale. This is used when the student is not equip for lesson or is late and also in lesson for bad behavior. The scale consists of four levels which a student will move up when being badly behaved and depending on what consequence the student gets, from stage one which is just a verbal warning to level four which is an after school detention and sometimes removal from the class. This is a great way for the students to know that actions cause consequences and if used correctly can stop distraction in lesson. Using the behaviourist way of thinking it does focus more on teacher centered learning, and group discussions for example are harder to control using these techniques, this is why the student teacher has presentations and demonstrations which are focused around the teacher, this is mainly at the beginning of the lesson and when practical starts, the student teachers techniques change depending on what style of teaching he is trying to achieve. Design and technology is very different to normal academic subjects such as maths and english, and it is based a lot round student centered learning to promote inclusive learning because the students can learn from each other. This is why the student teacher moves from different theories within the classroom so to make the better learning environment. The learning environment that the student teacher is working in can have many varieties of students and the behaviourist theory doesn’t work as effectively in some cases. Through the teaching placement, many different strategies, theories and styles have been used. Killen (2006) stated â€Å"no single teaching strategy is effective all the time for all learners. † Furthermore Killen (2006) added ‘there may not be one single strategy that’s effective but a set of strategies can be. ’ Taking this into account, the student teacher has to intergrate different theories to enhance the differentiation to impact positively on the teaching and learning and promote inclusive learning. The third approach of learning is at the other extreme to skinner’s beliefs. Both behaviourist and cognitive take scientific approach to learning in terms of methods they use and the theories they generate. By contrast, the humanist approach is anti-scientific in the way in which it investigates human beings. The underpinning belief is that we are all unique individuals†(Ingleby, Joyce, Powell, 2010, pg. 1) As the quote describes, the humani st theory is about the whole student and see that everyone is unique. The humanist theory was introduced at the beginning of the 1960s with the publication of A S Neills Summerhill, this was based around a school in southern England who took these views and used them in their school. Summerhill, in southern England, is an open, private school where the education of the whole person is considered more than the subject matter. (Reece, Walker, 2006, pg86) What they mean by this is that the person learning needs to develop him or herself and think about the personality and the ‘whole’ learner. The teacher will take a step back from the students and become a helping hand instead. The student teachers placement is based in a secondary school so this theory is not seen as often as if he were in a college or university environment. Humanist theory is all about student centered learning and this is the approach the student teacher takes when with the graphic products year 11s. The student teacher holds after school sessions for catch up on their coursework, this is an optional choice for the students and also a different learning environment, this is also to help inclusive learning because it is a mix ability group and very hard to keep everyone up to the same place, so this is for anyone who is feeling behind or just enjoys the work. This is a very relaxed environment, which is about sitting in a more personal setting, which helps with the older students, as they believe they are getting more respect from the student teacher. The student teacher sometimes finds that this approach is ideal for his students. Within graphic products the students have to work on a controlled assessment that consists of them choosing a brief that they would like to work on. This humanist style of letting the students initially pick which brief they would like to do is a great for two reasons, one that the student feels like they have chosen their path that they want to go down but secondly and most importantly for the teacher is that the briefs selected for students to pick have a wide variety of skill sets involved and this is xcellent for differentiation, giving the whole class work which they can excel at and excellent way to promote inclusive learning. In conclusion the two theories work well in the school, but they need to be used in the correct environment, it can really promote inclusive learning through differentiation and consequence but also makes the student teacher constantly change his teaching techniques, which i s a massive benefit to his lessons and his development. Word Count: 1617 Reference List

Jonas Story Essays - Olin, Jonas, , Term Papers

Jonas Story Part I The day was still, not a cloud in sight. The glowing sun lit the tumbling waves. The white foam smeared along the sandy beach. High above the ocean's front lie cliffs with grassy hilltops. A road wove through its tangled mess. There thoughts were bound and passion ran free. The young man gripped his steering wheel and held the throttle. He flew through Highway 5 in his ?78 Camero. Squealing around every corner in his hot convertible, he let his long blond hair blow with the wind. As his heart beat fast, he was trapped in the excitement of the moment. He braked; his open expression went blank. The passion was gone as he slowed inches from the motor homes tail gate. The RV crept around each corner, passing turnout after turnout, seemingly unaware of the car behind. His face went sour as he mumbled curse words and thoughts of ill intention. The young man gave a slight honk, but only slight, just enough to give notice of his presence. He wanted to honk louder, but he was taught better. The man was out of patience as he came to small straight in the road. He turned the wheel left crossing the double yellow line. Just in view from the corner came a oncoming semi. He stepped on the gas feeling confident that he could make it. As he pulled by the RV's side, the motor home sped up too. The fiery red Camero roared up the hill; its eight cylinders of pure power revved and its 450 horses beat as it raced past the RV. The blond man pulled off quickly just missing getting smashed by the big rig, and nearly clipping the Motor home's front. The young man stuck out his hand just yearning to flip off the driver of the passed vehicle. He couldn't do it. Years of being nice were engraved in head. Thoughts of lessons taught by his mother and grandmother circled through his mind. As he stuck his hand back on the wheel he blurred out thoughts of anger. It was obvious he wanted to let it out, so he floored his Chevy, breezing away from the coast. As the Camero climbed toward the heart of the redwoods, the young man looked with flare. He traveled up the bare twisted road of Highway 5. Its edges seemed to crumble dangerously as he pulled around the sharp switchbacks. The young man pulled his Camero into the check-in gate. He held his elbow against the red door and rested his head against his hand, palming his cheek. As he waited to be helped he looked at the scenery. The redwoods lay thick, with huge stems blossoming a cluster of green. A sign posted to one spelled Richardson Grove 1876. "Yes. your name please?" The woman sat in a little house with a small teller like window. She wore greyish green clothes. A tag placed by the shirt collar read "Anne Vansykln, Richardson Grove." "Olin Hill," he said, as he gazed toward the redwoods. He was still stuck in the thinkers pose. He didn't even look at her exquisite looks. "Pretty aren't they?" She said as she smacked her chewing gum with her slender tongue. The look she gave was not classy by any means, yet it was resoundingly sweet: childish like an ?imperfect-perfect'. Yet Olin did not reply, he just sat in his pose. Then she said you may go. Olin stepped on the gas and relaxed his pose. He gazed at his reflection in the rear view mirror. Where his hand had rested (upon his cheek) a beat red pimple gouged in his face. Olin parked his car in front of a huge redwood tree. A young man with black hair peered around its massive base. "Nice rig," he yelled as he stuck his hand out, asking him to stop. Olin shut the engine down and stood on the white leather bucket seat. He peered over the front window, "Whats happening Justin?"Olin said, "where is your car?" Justin smiled his crooked teeth, "Oh it's the brown sedan over there. A piece a *censored* car." Olin took a small rubber band out of his pocket and tied his long hair into a pony tail. "Where is everyone," he said as he flung the clinging lint from his short pockets off his hand. "Everyones at the beach. Your brother and dad are down there too. Justin said pointing down past north end of the parking lot. "Lets

British constitutional principle Essays

British constitutional principle Essays British constitutional principle Essay British constitutional principle Essay British constitutional principle of judicial independence Convention tracking its statutory origin and was enacted in 1701, Act of Settlement. The Act formally recognized the independence of the judiciary, the main content, secure the right to use qualification subject to good behaviour , the removal of the judge (an address of both houses of parliament), and also the establishment of an appropriate mechanism.Convention in doing so given a set of legislative handle reiterated that the cornerstone of the separation of powers, judicial independence doctrine important pillar one. Doctrine and Its Interpretation Of The Multi-Faceted The theory of the independence of the judiciary, the doctrine of separation of powers, an integral part of the American political doctrine, in order to maintain the judiciary, legislature and executive branches (three branches of government) in addition to the government in decision-making and business.The main object of the theory and the philosophy behind it is to prevent a fall into the hands of any department of the government there is no accountability, and absolute power. In practice, although the judge is expected not to interfere with the governments business, it is not the worlds most influential common law jurisdiction, the United States, where the Supreme Court has the power to blow down the legislation is unconstitutional (Marbury v Madison) and illegal destruction of the power and sovereignty of the legislative Council.The Executive Executive power is vested in the Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by the Yang di-Pertu an Agong. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong of the appointment of the Prime Minister for the first time, members of the House of Representatives, presided over the cabinet. Prime number on whose behalf the members of the House of Representatives by the Minister of his judgment is likely to get the confidence of the majority of members that house. Yang di-Pertuan Agong of State to appoint other ministers between members of any parliament building.The Cabinet collective responsibility to Parliament. The Legislature The legislative powers conferred by the Constitution of Malaysia in Parliament State Legislative Assemblies. Parliament has been defined as Article 44 of the Constitution By Yang di-Pertuan Agong, that the two houses which name the Dewan Negara (Senata) and the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives). The Senate elected and appointed members. Elect two representatives per country to the senate. Yang di-Pertuan Agong appointed members appointed.Members of the House of Representative by 222 electoral term of until the dissolution of Parliament. That unless faster dissolving Parliament should continue for five years from the date of the first meeting. The Judiciary The Judiciary by Part IX of the Constitution. It includes Federal Court, the Court of Appeal and the High Court in Malaya state and other in Sabah and Sarawak. Courts jurisdiction is to control Article 121A of the High Court does not have jurisdiction in any issues related to sharia courts (the courts having jurisdiction over people believe in the religion of Islam).The Federal Court set 121 (2) the right to decide the appeal decision Court of Appeal, the High Court judge, such as the original or contact jurisdiction specified in Article 128 and 130, or other judicial jurisdictions as may be conferred by or under federal law. Article 121 (1B) provides for the establishment of the Court of Appeals has jurisdiction over the appeal against the decision, to determine High Court or its judges and other jud icial jurisdictions, may be granted or under federal law.In addition to the Federal Court, the Court of Appeal and the High Court (the superior courts), and also the lower court under Article 121 (1) the Sessions Courts and the Magistrates Court. THE HOUSE OF LORDS Ironically Chamber The same is true position in the UK, which said that the doctrine has its genesis. For ages, the House of Lords Appeal Court (The House of Lords), the Chief Justice and other law lords sitting in one of the Houses of Parliament on the bench, and presided over the legislation, change it, even if does not participate in the debate, and have enjoyed the exercise voting rights egislation and participate in the process, the executive branch of government and the legislature. In Europe, the judges are free to exercise their powers , revocation does not meet the Treaty of Rome legislation (the statute that gave life to the EEC). The practice continues to this day unabated. Malaysia and Doctrines In a pattern of parliamentary democracy, and its interpretation of the classic, is a sovereign state. This concept also applies in Malaysia has adopted the British parliamentary democracy, the legal framework and many of its style.However, all those who do not understand or accept the practice of parliamentary democracy and the concept of separation of powers, scholars and practitioners in the legal professions views on this issue appear often superficial and embarrassing. For many people, including the Malaysian Bar and his colourful vocal predecessor, the independence of the judiciary environment doctrine of judicial officers, social prison, you can’t play a role, if they shared a cup of tea with the president of the executive authorities.This is wrong. More emotion, or even more disturbing is that they deliberately ignored the independence of the judiciary, its limitations , contradictions inevitably overlap in practice and a violation of the doctrine of the deeper meaning. The indepen dence of the judiciary is not the product of an article of the Constitution, is not ignorant of the group of lawyers, politicians or scholars misunderstood. This is a constitutional convention, such as the method to solve the 1701 support section of the legislation by the smallest.It is a theory, a theory that is given life and meaning through good conduct and good conscience and integrity, such well-known men on Clapham omnibus. It a responsible government responsibility the judiciary included. Evolution of the principle of judicial independence as time goes on in the changing political and legal landscape is different things to different people, but it remains fundamentally about the judge to assume their responsibilities, without having to worry about any oppression external impact.This includes media criticism, criticism of the legal and judicial fraternity and the power of money, political power, otherwise it will hinder a clear and fearless distributive justice in the fear of the fear of the rule of law. Judiciary faces many challenges in this regard, in Malaysia. At least these poor ignorant some members who pose the biggest challenge , and its operation is independent of the doctrine in their day-to-day in violation of it. The poor judicial behaviour is the privilege of the Parliament to deal with.This is not to say that in the bar or the media. The poor judgment of the privileges and obligations of the Court of Appeal, rather than uninformed politically motivated lawyers, retired judges or scholars to usurp the constitutional convention theme. The doctrine of independent thinking, independent of external influences (not simply the other branches of government) , independent of personal bias, political and religious restrictions and the urgent need of the society.Maybe this is for the latter reason, why the embarrassment bars and opposition political parties in Malaysia, they do not take action, and sought to evade a change Christian Judge Lau Bee Lian sitting to hear a controversial and highly sensitive issue, religious heart and religious overtones of the conflict, read law, she will not be able to distance themselves, or so independent and forensic the Allah substance (Malaysian Catholic Herald).Larger than life salaries, judges often intentionally designed to provide them with more than just a simple comfortable life and financial security payment. Its also designed to protect them from the money to money inducements and other commercial considerations , may influence their decisions, their thought processes, the temptation of a judge. External influences other safeguards judicial independence, judicial officers, while on the bench, including protecting them from prosecution, and the qualifications.Sometimes misunderstood, lawyer s and judges proved ground breaking case, in Australia, in 2005, the last protection. Violation Of The Great History Of Our Lives Commitment in the State Court of Appeals judge before chief magistrat e Di-Fingeleton she did the trial of an offense and to imprisonment for a term not promise still sitting justice in Queensland, Australia in the 2005 final protection omissions (immunity from prosecution in office) personnel. Her test and then held on this issue is generally considered to be a purely political movement.Australian High Court to overturn her conviction and order her release from prison is a harsh criticism, the judicial officers of the Queensland judicial system and the process of trial and convicted Fingleton sitting. Criticism of the High Court directed, mainly in the low court judge in the state administrative and justice for their collective failure to understand what is a very basic principles of jurisprudence and constitutional law which, among other things dealing with the independence of the judiciary doctrine in the background, the separation of powers.Greater historical places, such as Australia bagged Gough Whitlam Australian Government to prove breach of t his doctrine in 1975 by Sir Garfield Barwick Justice opposing views. Judge of the Federal High Court sitting in Australia often did not condemn cause adverse impact on the evaluation of the governments political decisions, and in more recent times, the Australian Prime Minister Gillard (Julia Gillard) government encroachment of the Chief Justice of the High Court, she decided to send the processing of refugees in Malaysia can be said to be in breach of Australias human rights obligations.Afternoon, Gillard will seek legislation to overcome the barrier of the sovereign authority of the legislature in the judicial things first reading. Apparently did not understand the background and significance of its deep-seated, of Salleh Abbas swallow things and his dismissal by the Malaysian Bar is a political issue. Also undermine the convention, but with good reason, is not without precedent. Malaysian lawyers and political events, the power of the attack Run, do not understand the doctrine, o r the legality of such action overlap.Informed Public Comment The Risk Of Disease From decisions or influence other judges or members of them and their decisions, an important pillar of the doctrine of separation of powers on the independence of the judiciary into disrepute count of public and professional independence. (Contempt the advice of counsel and with the judges in the past, this is an area of ? only parliamentary or another court properly constituted and open have the right to correct and comment).Ridicule and negative public comments is a form of interference with the independence of the judiciary, the surface as contempt proceedings. This includes unwarranted opinions, judges have a harmless cup of tea with the Prime Minister of the day. Interpolation due to the misconduct of such a statement, or even can’t be ignored, let alone punished. All accounts, both the precedents and no understanding of constitutional law, the Malaysian Bar and vocal embarrass yourself wi th these distant Tea Party is a potential violation of judicial independence advocates.Question 2 Johar borrowed RM6,000 from Yati but Johar was unable to repay the full amount within five months as Johar promised to Yati. After some negotiation between Johar and Yati, Yati agreed to accept RM3,000 from Johar in full settlement of the debt instead of RM6,000. However, after Johar had paid to Yati, he still received a letter from Yati demanding the balance of the loan which amounts of RM3,000. ConsiderationThe agreement is not a valid consideration invalid, one of these categories of agreements unless they are exempted from the rules listed in the same section. Section 2(d) Contact Act 1950 Promised desire, commitment or any other person or to give up to do, or to do or give up to do, or promise to do so, or to do things, such act or abstinence or promise to give up the commitment to be called to consider Can be seen as a bargain, or the price paid by the party, purchase commitments or actions of other consideration.Pledged when the offer or commitment to do or give up to do things, to have to pay the price. The price to be paid may perform a future act or abstinence is an act or abstinence or price. Offer and Acceptance Offer and acceptance analysis is a traditional method to determine whether an agreement exists between the parties contract law. The agreement an offer that certain terms of the contract entered into by a person (the offeror) (the offeree) the offeror wishes no further negotiations.The contract, said to have accepted the offer (the terms of the agreement) by the offeror offeror bargain induced promises or commitments, the performance has been considered to exist. Both the offer and the acceptance formula to determine the moment in the development of the 19th century formed. This contract has been weakened traditional methods of the development of the law of estoppel, misleading conduct and misleading statements and unjust enrichment. Conclusion Johar had negotiated with Yati and make an agreement which Yati agreed to accept RM3,000 from Johar for full settlement instead of RM6,000. Therefore, after Johar had paid RM3,000 to Yati as full settlement, means this scenario had already been settled, Yati shouldn’t had any argument. As the agreement that they had made, Johar should only needed to pay a total amount of RM3,000 to Yati, and Johar had already paid to Yati, so Johar may just ignore the letter that given by Yati.

USS Monitor in the American Civil War

USS Monitor in the American Civil War One of the first ironclads constructed for the US Navy, the origins of USS Monitor began with changes in naval ordnance during the 1820s. Early in that decade, French artillery officer Henri-Joseph Paixhans developed a mechanism that allowed for shells to be fired with flat trajectory, high-powered naval guns. Trials using the old ship-of-the-line Pacificateur (80 guns) in 1824 showed that exploding shells could inflict significant damage on traditional wooden hulls. Refined over the next decade, shell-firing guns based on Paixhans design were common in the worlds leading navies by the 1840s. Rise of the Ironclad Recognizing wooden ships vulnerability to shells, Americans Robert L. and Edwin A. Stevens began the design of an armored floating battery in 1844. Forced to re-evaluate the design due to rapid advances in shell technology, the project came to a halt a year later when Robert Stevens fell ill. Though resurrected in 1854, the Stevens vessel never came to fruition. During this same period, the French successfully experimented with armored floating batteries during the Crimean War (1853-1856). Based on these results, the French Navy launched the worlds first ocean-going ironclad, La Gloire, in 1859. This was followed by the Royal Navys HMS Warrior (40) a year later. Union Ironclads With the start of the Civil War, the US Navy convened an Ironclad Board in August 1861 to assess potential designs for armored warships. Calling for proposals for iron-clad steam vessels of war, the board sought vessels capable of operating in the shallow waters along the American coast. The board was further spurred to action due to reports that the Confederacy was seeking to convert the captured remains of USS Merrimack (40) into an ironclad. The board ultimately selected three designs to be constructed: USS Galena (6), USS  Monitor (2), and USS New Ironsides (18) Monitor was designed by Swedish-born inventor John Ericsson who had previously had a falling out with the Navy in the wake of the 1844 USS Princeton disaster which had killed six people including Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur and Secretary of the Navy Thomas W. Gilmer. Though he had not intended to submit a design, Ericsson became involved when  Cornelius S. Bushnell consulted him regarding the Galena project. In the course of the meetings, Ericsson showed Bushnell his own concept for an ironclad and was encouraged to submit his revolutionary design. Design Consisting of a revolving turret mounted on a low armored deck, the design was likened to a cheese box on a raft. Possessing a low freeboard, only the ships turret, stacks, and small armored pilot house projected above the hull. This almost non-existent profile made the ship very difficult to hit, though it also meant that it performed badly on the open sea and was prone to swamping. Highly impressed by Ericssons innovative design, Bushnell traveled to Washington and convinced the Navy Department to authorize its construction. The contract for the ship was given to Ericsson and work began in New York. Construction Subcontracting the construction of the hull to Continental Iron Works in Brooklyn, Ericsson ordered the ships engines from Delamater Co. and the turret from Novelty Iron Works, both of New York City. Working at a frenetic pace, Monitor was ready for launch within 100 days of being laid down. Entering the water on January 30, 1862, workers began finishing and fitting out the ships interior spaces. On February 25 work was completed and Monitor commissioned with Lieutenant John L. Worden in command. Sailing from New York two days later, the ship was forced to return after its steering gear failed. USS Monitor - General Nation: United StatesBuilder: Continental Iron Works, Brooklyn, NYLaid Down: October 1861Launched: January 30, 1862Commissioned: February 25, 1862 Fate: Lost at sea, December 31, 1862 Specifications Type: Monitor-class ironcladDisplacement: 987 tonsLength: 172 ft.Beam: 41 ft. 6 in.Draft: 10 ft. 6 in.Complement: 59Speed: 8 knots Armament 2 x XI-inch Dahlgren smoothbores Operational History Following repairs, Monitor departed New York on March 6, this time under tow, with orders to proceed to Hampton Roads. On March 8, the newly completed Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia steamed down the Elizabeth River and struck at the Union squadron at Hampton Roads. Unable to pierce Virginias armor, the wooden Union ships were helpless and the Confederate succeeded in sinking the sloop of war USS Cumberland and frigate USS Congress. As darkness fell, Virginia withdrew with the intention of returning the next day to finish off the remaining Union ships. That night Monitor arrived and took up a defensive position. Returning the next morning, Virginia encountered Monitor as it approached USS Minnesota. Opening fire, the two ships began the worlds first battle between ironclad warships. Pounding each other for over four hours, neither was able to inflict significant damage on the other. Though Monitors heavier guns were able to crack Virginias armor, the Confederates scored a hit on their adversarys pilot house temporarily blinding Worden. Unable to defeat Monitor, Virginia withdrew leaving Hampton Roads in Union hands. For the rest of the spring, Monitor remained, guarding against another attack by Virginia. During this time, Virginia attempted to engage Monitor on several occasions but was refused as Monitor was under presidential orders to avoid battle unless absolutely required. This was due to President Abraham Lincolns fear that the ship would be lost allowing Virginia to take control of the Chesapeake Bay. On May 11, after Union troops captured Norfolk, the Confederates burned Virginia. Its nemesis removed, Monitor began participating in regular operations, including reconnaissance of the James River to Drurys Bluff on May 15. After supporting Major General George McClellans Peninsula Campaign in the summer, Monitor participated in the Union blockade at Hampton Roads that fall. In December, the ship received orders to proceed south to aid in operations against Wilmington, NC. Departing under tow by USS Rhode Island, Monitor cleared the Virginia Capes on December 29. Two nights later, it began to take water as it encountered a storm and high waves off Cape Hatteras. Foundering, Monitor sank along with sixteen of its crew. Though in service for less than a year, it profoundly influenced warship design and several similar ships were built for the Union Navy. In 1973, the wreck was discovered sixteen miles southeast of Cape Hatteras. Two years later it was designated a national marine sanctuary. At this time, some artifacts, such as the ships propeller, were removed from the wreck. In 2001, recovery efforts began to salvage the ships steam engine. The next year, Monitors innovative turret was raised. These have all been taken to the Mariners Museum in Newport News, VA for preservation and display.

Chinese traditional landscape painting technology to draw the visual Assignment

Chinese traditional landscape painting technology to draw the visual art picture - Assignment Example The essay "Chinese traditional landscape painting technology to draw the visual art picture" explores traditional landscape painting in China. The first thing to paint a picture is to have an idea what to paint. This involves a little bit of thought process to have a clear picture in mind what you want to put down on the canvas. To paint the sunset is not only difficult but also a challenging task for which you have to make sure in mind what you are actually trying to pain. The sunset of the Sydney Opera House is a definite choice for artists. The best would be to visit the place and see it with your own eyes during the exotic sunset. Our eyes are one of the best creations of God, which absorb the beautiful scenery and stores in our mind this makes it easier to put it on canvas. If however, you cannot visit the Sydney house Opera, you must see the pictures of other authentic artists, of the sunset. This would give you a clear idea of how you should start. Traditional Chinese Painting techniques are definitely easy to learn for the children of this era but difficult to be skilled at. Since every stroke in Chinese methods of painting requires full concentration and focus, it is a better approach to make the children learn how to focus on an object in painting. Many Chinese artists suggest that these kinds of painting techniques give you a sense of satisfaction and pleasure and stabilize your moods. By Painting the Sydney opera with Chinese painting techniques, the children will get sensitive to colors.... Preparing the Canvas The size of the canvas is really important if you are painting the sunset at Sydney Opera house. Once you have selected your canvas, you need to select the medium you want to use for your paining, be it acrylic colors or water colors or only Chinese ink, you can use any medium to transfer your ideas on the canvas (Fong, 2001). The first thing is to wet your canvas starting with larger strokes. It will not only absorb the colors but will also amalgamate them really well. Use a larger Chinese brush preferably 1.5’’ wide. To wet your canvas you can use water, liquid white or oils. Layers should be applied to the canvas until it is completely wet. You can also use rice paper as your canvas which is widely used in Chinese paintings (Silbergeld, 1985). Starting up with the picture To start with the Sydney Opera picture, you need to first figure out the objects of primary and secondary importance. For example, the Sydney Opera house, the sun and the bridge are of primary importance whereas the trees in the sides, the far away buildings and water are of secondary importance in the picture. Once decided, you need to outline the entire picture with gentle pencil strokes starting with the primary objects like the Sydney opera house, a brief outline in pencil is required, and the lines must be crisp and concise. Next, start outlining the bridge and the sun. Emphasize on minute detailing of the pillars of the bridge and pay attention to the architecture (Hamm, 1988). You can optionally outline in pencil or a nude paint color to outline the objects of your picture. Next, start with the secondary objects of the picture like the buildings, the trees and the water. It is suggested to use the Chinese

International Buisness Between China and USA Essay

International Buisness Between China and USA - Essay Example Trade Issues†). Traditionally, China was regarded as a closed economy and it was not contributed to the international business. However, in present days, China is considered as one of the biggest business nations internationally. China’s incorporation in the international economy and progressive capture of the market ideologies had been initiated by the US political and financial commitment. The economic development of China has helped to widen and extend the business associations between the US and China at every level for the welfare of both countries (United States Trade Representative, â€Å"U.S.-China Trade Relations: Entering a New Phase of Greater Accountability and Enforcement†). Statement of Problem The paper will describe the trends of business relationships between the two nations i.e. ... In the year 1979, the total business between the US and China was approximately US$ 2 billion and it increased to US$ 457 billion by 2010. Presently, China is regarded as the second biggest US business associates and it is the third biggest export market for the USA. The imports had developed much quicker in comparison to export business. The import deficit between these two countries had increased from US$ 10 billion in 1990 to US$ 273 billion in 2010 (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). The following figure will describe the international business between the US and China from 2000 to 2010: Source: (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). Merchandise Business between China and the USA The merchandise business between China and the USA had improved considerably with 32.1% increase in 2010, compared to 2009. With the rapid improvement in merchandise exports, China has gradually replaced Japan as one of the merchandise export markets for the US. In the year 201 0, the US export business with China represented almost 7.2% of total exports, a 5.1 percentage increase than 2000 (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). The following chart will describe the top export business partners of US in 2010: Source: (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). During recent years, China has remained as one of the fastest rising export markets for the USA. The major categories of export business between China and the USA in the year 2011 were crops, computer and electronic products, chemical products, shipping tools, raw materials and ore. The following table will describe the top most exported products between the US and China in 2010 and 2011: Source: (Turner, â€Å"US-China Trade Continues To Surge in 2011†). Several business analysts have argued that in

The Fall of Richard Nixon Essay Example for Free

The Fall of Richard Nixon Essay Theodore White is one of the most sought after history writers about the inner details on presidential issues that covered the American history. The political background of different issues that covered the inner cases of the president’s life, during and after their administration in the US is something that is one of the most important features of the writings of this particular author. One of the most important written works of White is that of the book entitled Breach of Faith: The Fall of Richard Nixon. This reading naturally focuses on the process on how Richard Nixon failed to bring the American society at the brim of its dreams. Summary and Content In his first State of the Union Message, the 37th president of the United States, Richard M. Nixon, placed â€Å"first priority† on world peace and a â€Å"just† settlement of the war in Vietnam. But his major preoccupation was the state of America. Commenting on his speech, the New York Times said: â€Å"His picture was of a nation robbed of its natural heritage by human and industrial carelessness, cheated of the dividends of economic growth by inflation, poorly served by a proliferating Federal apparatus, and threatened by crime and the growth in population. † Nixon’s theme was best expressed perhaps in a rhetorical question. â€Å"In the next ten years we shall increase our wealth by 50 percent,† he said. â€Å"The profound question is—does this mean that we will be 50 percent richer in a real sense, 50 percent better off, 50 percent happier? † Does the record of the past ten years provide a sound basis for answering, Yes? The majority of the nation’s peoples who live in metropolitan areas choked by traffic, suffocated by smog, poisoned by water, deafened by noise and terrorized by crime see little reason for great optimism. After reelection, American president Richard M. Nixon pledged to work to end â€Å"the whole era of permissiveness† in the United States. He declared: â€Å"We have passed through a very great spiritual crisis in this country,† and says that the Vietnam war was â€Å"only part of the problem. † It was also reported that Mr. Nixon intends to restructure the Federal government. Many believe that the moves the president intends to make could increase his power while diminishing that of the Cabinet. A domestic crisis exists in the United States. In 1968 Richard Nixon at the climax of his presidential campaign adopted the slogan, â€Å"Bring Us Together. † Now, a year and a half later, says a news report from Washington, D. C. , â€Å"Americans are so torn apart, so savage toward each other, that the president and Mrs. Nixon, obviously for safety reasons, were prevailed on to cancel trips around the country. † â€Å"The country,† said Mayor Lindsay of New York, â€Å"is virtually on the edge of a spiritual—and perhaps even a physical—breakdown. † Historian Arnold Toynbee commented: â€Å"The American people seem to be moving rapidly towards civil war: middle-aged noncombatants against young men subject to the draft; the affluent against the poor; white against black, students against the National Guard . .The decision on the American home-front is going to decide the fate of the world, and the rest of us can do nothing about it. We have no say, but we, too, are going to be victims of America’s domestic agony. † Overall Critique It could not be denied that with the written work of White, it could be observed that he was able to decipher the different elements of the Nixon administration that has placed it in a situation that has caused it to fail in giving America the rightful dream that they want to realize. It could be observed that through this written work, it is not that hard to understand how the Nixon administration set a sample to the coming administrations as to what needs to be done and what needs to be avoided to be able to come up with the most effective policies that are made to make the entire society succeed towards its realization of the future truth of it dreams’ fulfillments. Furthermore, this book also notes the implication of the Nixon administration towards the exploration of American politics as per noted and recognized as an important part of the American society. There’s a lot of hypocrisy . . . and so forth in political life,† said former U. S. President Richard Nixon in a recent TV interview. â€Å"It’s necessary in order to get into office and in order to retain office. † In speaking about political campaigning, he said: â€Å"As a candidate, you have to dissemble, you have to recognize that you can’t say what you think about an individual because you may have to use him or need him sometime in the future. † He felt that when a politician or a president says something he does not believe, it should not be viewed as lying; it is just a part of politics. References: Theodore H. White. (1975). Breach of Faith: The Fall of Richard Nixon. Scribner; 1st edition.

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson :: Papers Shirley Jackson Lottery Essays

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" portrays a small town in which the citizens gather for a yearly lottery. Unlike the "typical" lottery, this is not one you would want to win. Throughout "The Lottery," Jackson focuses on families from the village in order to demonstrate the role of separation of genders. Gender is defined as the sexual identity of a person, especially in relation to society or culture. Gender divisions exist within the community in "The Lottery" and issues of gender help to explain the characters action and thoughts. During the lottery, everyone is equal and the society is genderless. Although the men draw as the head of the household, the women partake in the final rounds and the stoning of the victim. This is evident when "Mrs. Delacroix selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands"(200). This shows that even though women did not normally participate in town events, the lottery was an exception to the rule. Young girls were also equal to young boys during this event. Both the girls and the boys stoned the victim along with the rest of the community, regardless of gender. This suggests that the lottery serves as a great equalizer abolishing all forms of separation of gender. Despite this equality during the lottery, gender does drive this story. Division of labor is evidence that a separation of gender exists. Due to the fact that Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves are men in the village, they are given the opportunity to administer the lotter. By having this chance, they gain the ability to prove to the people in the community that men are the holders of the highest positions. In his making of the list, Mr. Summers imposes his power upon the community, by determining who will draw from the box first. Gender plays a role in the purpose of the lottery. The lottery is set up to show women that by producing more children, they will lessen their chances of being chosen. This is due to the fact that in larger families, the chance of one person being chosen is reduced significantly with each additional member of teh family. The opposite is true for small families. Because women are the producers of children, they are the main target of the lottery. They are encouraged to produce more children, thereby taking upon even more responsibilities as a housewife.

Elasticity on Demand, Breakeven Analysis and Pricing Decisions Essay

When a firm changes prices, the effect on profits is more important than the effect on revenue. There is a simple formula to calculate the critical Price Elasticity of demand which is just sufficient to maintain the contribution to overheads and profits. This will be greater than that required to maintain revenue. A common issue in business and in business studies is whether a firm should change the prices at which products are offered. The calculations begin with estimates of the reaction of customers to the new prices. This reaction is represented as Price Elasticity of Demand (PED), the ratio of the proportionate changes in volume and price. Students are always told – and some students even remember that Elastic Demand (PED >1) means more revenue from a lower price and less from a higher one; and Inelastic Demand (PED But who wants the same revenue with lower profits? Any change in price will have a much bigger impact, proportionately, on the contribution per item for the firm than on the asking price to the customer. It follows that an increase in price may succeed in raising profits, even though revenue falls; and that a lower price may reduce profits even though revenue increases. So the critical question is not whether the PED is greater or less than one, but whether it is sufficiently high (for a lower price) or sufficiently low (for a price increase) to improve profits. The critical level of PED can be found by an application of breakeven analysis. We can take the current level of contribution to overheads and profit; and ask what the volume (units sold) must be to give the same level of contribution at the alternative price. Having found this critical volume, we can then compute what the PED would be to give us this volume at the new price, compared with the existing price and quantity. This then will be the Critical Price Elasticity of Demand (CPED). If we are raising prices, any PED less than CPED will increase profits; if we are lowering price, we want PED to be more than CPED. And while there is no way, short of trying the price change, to know what the PED actually is, a firm may well have sensible ideas about the likelihood of its being significantly greater or less than a specified value. It may seem that calculating the CPED is rather a waste of time, since we should have to calculate the required change in quantity first; and might just as well reckon our chances of getting this volume after our price change, without entering into Elasticity computations at all. However it turns out that there is a very simple formula for calculating the CPED.

Benefits of eating organic foods Essay

There are many benefits of eating organic foods and the main reasoning for this is because of the way these foods are grown. They are all grown on smaller farms and are cared more for. The farmers use natural soils, get rid of the weeds naturally without using sprays, and they use beneficially insects and birds to get rid of pests and diseases. Using natural resources to grow foods prevents us from eating chemical and in some cases added hormones. Organic foods have more zinc, iron and other vitamins than non-organic foods. They can help reduces your risk for cancer because weed, insect, and mold killers have been linked to the cause of some cancers. The ways these foods are grown also help our environment by creating less pollution. The prices for organic foods are more expensive than non-organic. Non-organic foods are generally more affordable and there are more varieties as well. Non-organic foods do not contain E coli because most organic soil that is animal manure and it can cause E coil in organic foods. Between organic and non-organic foods there are benefits to eating each of them. There are certain foods that you should buy organic over non-organic. These foods are the ones that are more nutritious and contain fewer pesticides. Apples are generally more contaminated with pesticides so buying them organically will reduce the risk of them. Celery, strawberries, peaches, spinach, nectarines, grapes, sweet bell peppers, potatoes, blueberries, kale, and lettuce are all other foods that you should buy organically due to pesticides. There are some foods that are safe to buy non-organically and they will save you money. These foods are onions, corn, pineapple, avocado, asparagus, sweet peas, mangos, eggplant, cantaloupe, kiwi, cabbage, sweet potatoes, watermelon, grapefruit, and mushrooms. Some sources think that organic foods are healthier than non-organic foods and others believe there is no significant difference between the two. Organic foods are grown on smaller private farm and they do not release or consume any pesticides. Organic foods are also more nutritious because they do not contain any pesticides either. The sources I chose were all from the Internet and they were from either a print or web source. I found these sources to be helpful because they were all able to provide me with enough information that I needed. More than half my sources described what foods you should buy organically and what foods you shouldn’t buy organically. I found this information to helpful because the list of foods that you should buy organically is shorter than the ones you shouldn’t. Fruits are typically the ones that have to worry about having pesticides and that are why more fruits are recommended to buy organically. The pesticides that are used on foods kill the nutrients in foods but it still is able to hold some nutrients but not as much as organic fruits. Composting at the World’s Largest Natural Foods Supermarket Chain. (2004). Biocycle. 45(11). p27. Retrieved on 3-3-05 from Ebscohost. Federal or Government Sources Organic Foods 101: Basic Information about organic foods, national labeling standards and online organic foodsellers. (2002). Retrieved on 3-3-05 from http://www. nrdc. org. The National Organic Program . (USDA). (2002). Retrieved on 3-3-05 from http://ams. usda. gov. Trade Publications Organic Food Facts. (2003). Organic Trade Association. Retrieved on 3-3-05 from http://www. ota. com/organic/mt/food. html Industry Statistics and Projected Growth. (2003). Organic Trade Association. Retrieved on 3-3-05 from http://www.ota. com/organic/mt/business. html Organic foods are getting more popular among the world compare to the bigger consumption of conventional foods. There certain true organic foods may cost a bit more, but most of the people agree, taste and quality are well worth compare to conventional. In today`s supermarket, organic foods are everywhere. There are clearly many benefits to organic foods, but there are specific like: it is healthier, protect the environment, different taste. The organic farming and produce of organic foods has been prevalent from the time agriculture was first conceived. The natural way of growing crops started becoming unpopular and economically less feasible. More crop yields meant higher profits to the farmer and better utilization of the land. The farmers who used fertilizers started growing two crops during the same time-period. That was the begging of fast growing industry of conventional foods. Organic foods are healthier than conventional in many aspects. The nutrients present in organic foods that are not in commercial foods. â€Å"Organic food for mineral levels, the researchers also looked for the amount of the heavy metals aluminum, cadmium, lead and mercury. Aluminum has been implicated for years in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. It’s content in organic food averaged 40% less that in commercial foods. Lead toxicity, which has been in the new a lot lately, can adversely affect our children’s’ IQ. It averaged 29% lower in organic foods. Mercury, which can cause neurologic damage, averaged 25% lower in organic foods† (Crinnion, Walter). The organic meat is healthier compare the conventional gown, full with antibiotics and many other chemicals for fast growing, which goes to us. The healthier means saver way of leaving. People consume more conventional food which evokes more farmers to use pesticides and to double their crops. The pesticides are dangerous for environment and wild life. People should buy more organic foods and lower the production of the conventional. That`s one of the ways to protect and safe the environment and wildlife of the world. Used chemicals kill different insects which are part of our ecosystem. Chemicals go from soil to the water reservoir and again back to us. The organic foods are proven to taste better and different than conventional grown foods. The organic food not only taste better, but doesn`t contains preservatives. The conventional milk, has inspiration date around 2 months compare to the organic one it`s not more than two weeks. The smell and the taste of organically grown tomatoes are totally different. The organic farms will continue to grow and produce more quality foods around the world. The healthier and long lasting life is connected with the consumption of more organic foods, which taste better and than the conventional. The organic farms help to reduce chemicals that are used for produce their crops. That’s the way to save the environment and the wild life of the world. A disadvantage of organic food is the life of the product. Without the preservatives found in inorganic foods nearly all of these products must be refrigerated. Organic farming also yields fewer crops because insects, weeds, and fungi often damage a larger portion of organic crops than conventionally grown crops. Finally, only about half of the states regulate organic foods and little exists to stop organic farmers from labeling any food they wish as â€Å"organic†. There are numerous benefits of organic farming[->0] for the environment, as well. Without pesticide or chemical use, the water contamination and health risks that occur elsewhere are eliminated. Crops on organic farms are rotated constantly, which keeps the land fresher, healthier, and less worn out. They also help to avoid pest problems, erosion of the soil, and nutrient deprivation in the soil. Cover crops are planted prior to the main crop and bring helpful things to the land such as nitrogen and helpful insects (Roth, 2) [->0] – .. /essay_search/organic_farming. html.

List Building Tricks to Get 10,000 Subscribers Fast (Bryan Harris Interview)

List Building Tricks to Get 10,000 Subscribers Fast (Bryan Harris Interview) List Building Tricks to Get 10,000 Subscribers Fast (Bryan Harris Interview) We’ve all been there. One minute we’re sitting at our desk (or shower or in our car) when we’re struck by a genius idea that HAS to get out. We start to write and create without any thought to things like marketing or list building.Bryan Harris, serial entrepreneur and founder of Videofruit.com, calls this â€Å"writing in a cave.† He says writers/entrepreneurs need to avoid the â€Å"cycle of guaranteed failure† by really thinking about what needs to be done leading up to your book. If your book is something that only your mom and grandma know about, then your book launch is in trouble. Bryan stumbled upon his professional passion when he discovered the world of video editing and fell in love with the industry. Since then, he says that he’s been going crazy growing his new business. Through his business trials and tribulations, Bryan has gained valuable insight on how to grow an audience and launch your first book. Bryan learned that a lot o f strategies don’t work, but he’s developed some time-tested list building tricks that do work.Bryan says you should â€Å"Think of your list as a group of people eagerly waiting to buy from you. If you build it and nurture it right, you will have lifelong fans.†Ã‚  Debunking 3 Popular MythsBryan debunks three popular myths about growing your list and number of subscribers.Myth 1:You have to have the perfect idea.There’s the myth of waiting until everything is perfect to take action. The problem with this is that perfection is unattainable. If you wait for everything to be perfect to start a project, you’ll never start anything. You don’t find customers for your product, instead find products for your customers. Get people and an audience first, then the rest will follow. Myth 2: You have to be an expert in something before you can build your list and launch your book. A second common myth is that you need to establish yourself as an expert before you launch your book. Don’t fall prey to this myth. We caution you about attempting to play the part of guru. It’s far more effective to take a learn out loud approach. Take a topic and ask, â€Å"Are you curious about the topic? Can you share what you learn? Are you able to be humble, kind, and giving?† You can then share this information by phrasing it as, â€Å"Here are lessons you learned †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and your audience will respond. Myth 3: You don’t have to have a lot of extra time. Extra time is an imaginary construct. There will never be enough of it. Don’t lose the chance to achieve your dreams by waiting for the elusive moment when you have plenty of time.Rather than waiting for an excess of time (which will never happen!), make an effort to do what you can, when you can. Commit to doing the right things in the right order, and little by little, you’ll make headway. 4 Tricks to Grow Your List (Plus a Bonus!)Trick 1: Upside Down HomepageAn upside down homepage is the first step to getting your first  100 subscribers. Allocate at least five hours for this update. What is the single obvious thing you want people to do when they come to your page? It’s not what you may think. It’s not the sidebar, not the social media buttons, not the menu it’s the above-the-fold call to action!Use this space to encourage people to subscribe, not to go to other pages. With this tactic, you can boost your subscriber rate from  1% (with a traditional homepage) to 13-15% (with an upside down homepage).Trick 2: Pick Your List GoalThe single most important strategy to boost your list is to select your list goal. This will take you just two minutes to do, but it’s crucial. You have to focus on this to be successful! Here’s what you do: Pick your number goal, then write this goal down on paper. Next, tape this on your wall to keep you accountable. Visual reminders help keep you on track. Even if you’re a writer, ultimately you’re still an entrepreneur. Don’t forget what you are working toward! Don’t get distracted and you’ll later reap the rewards of your efforts. Trick 3: Launch Team Strategy Another key component to your success is your launch team strategy. You have 24  hours to implement this strategy.Here’s how you tackle building a launch team. First, start with a group of people. You should make a list of five people you know. Then, personally invite these five people to join your list. Next, you’ll then reach out to everyone you know. You want to make this process personal, so people will feel as though they are invited to something special. Personally invite each and every person who’s on your list. Continue to write names and email addresses down on paper. Start simple and repeat until you run out of people to ask. Your goal is to get to 100  invitees. Trick 4: Poster Boy Formula The Poster Boy Fo rmula should take just 30  minutes per week, but can yield huge results toward boosting your list.Step one is to make a list of five products you purchase, blogs you read, or podcasts you follow. Write down one big win you’ve experienced from using their product. Let them know about your  results and thank them. Also, share testimonials and link back to your shares.The Poster Boy Formula can get you shout outs, inclusion on emails, social media sites, and guest posts. Ultimately, all of this goodwill can earn you subscribers.Bonus Trick: Create a Smartbribe A final trick to consider is to offer a â€Å"Smartbribe.† This tactic is simple to implement. Just install smartbribe.com as an enhancement to your current opt-in service. This easy to use feature asks people to share on social media in exchange for a bonus offer you create and â€Å"bribe† them with. This simple step can help grow your list even faster.Bryan Harris offers his best list building tips and tactics to help you grow your list and earn subscribers. Before you know it, you’ll on your way to earning 10,000 subscribers FAST!

Conjugate Definition in Chemistry

Conjugate Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, there are three possible definitions of the term conjugate. Three Types of Conjugates (1) A conjugate refers to a compound formed by the joining of two or more chemical compounds. (2) In the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, the term conjugate refers to an acid and base that differ from each other by a proton. When an acid and base react, the acid forms its conjugate base while the base forms it conjugate acid: acid base ⇆ conjugate base conjugate acid For an acid HA, the equation is written: HA B ⇆ A- HB The reaction arrow points both left and right because the reaction at equilibrium occurs in both the forward direction to form products and the reverse direction to convert products back into reactants. The acid loses a proton to become its conjugate base A- as the base B accepts a proton to become its conjugate acid HB. (3) Conjugation is the overlap of p-orbitals across a ÏÆ' bond (sigma bond). In transition metals, d-orbitals may overlap. The orbitals have delocalized electrons when there are alternating single and multiple bonds in a molecule. Bonds alternate in a chain so long as each atom has an available p-orbital. Conjugation tends to lower the energy of the molecule and increase its stability.   Conjugation is common in conducting polymers, carbon nanotubules, graphene, and graphite. Its seen in many organic molecules. Among other applications, conjugated systems can form chromophores. Chromophores are molecules that can absorb certain wavelengths of light, leading them to be colored. Chromophores are found in dyes, the photoreceptors of the eye, and glow in the dark pigments.

Case Study - Veterans preference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study - Veterans preference - Essay Example ollowing the Veterans Employment Opportunities Act of 1998 will be addressed as well with emphasis on its fiscal sustainability; additionally the civil issues involved will be addressed. (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2000 p 3) The United States Office of Personnel Management which has control over the hiring procedures of the entire United States Federal employment roster has sought to promote additional benefits for veterans through various legislative approaches as well as the use of studies. One report by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management showed that, â€Å"the percentage of veterans in the workforce represented by agencies in our sample ranged from a low of 8.4 percent to a high of 47 percent†¦Agencies with a low percentage were specifically clerical or science related while those with a high percentage were Department of Defense related.† (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2000 p 4) In another paper the case Massachusetts v. Feeney brought the challenge that it is unfair to others who may be better qualified than the veterans as a result of the use of the absolute point preference system which will always place a potentially low scoring veteran above a better scoring civilian candidate. â€Å"The lower court had found that the veterans’ preference served worthy and legitimate purposes†¦it had not been enacted specifically to discriminate against women.† (Browne, 1980 p 1118) The idea that was brought forth by the plaintiff in this case was that the congressional act allowing absolute preference was unfair to other potentially better qualified candidates. In looking at the approach currently taken by the various government agencies that are hiring regularly there is something to be said for that. In fact in many cases candidates with specific job experience and additional education are being turned down for less qualified veterans which while being the law currently, may not be an effective strategy in employment and would not work well

Remembering my Childhood in the Continent of Africa Personal Statement

Remembering my Childhood in the Continent of Africa - Personal Statement Example Sendaris as the narrator patronizes his own childhood while praising almost all the events which Hugh went through in his childhood. Apart from the praises, I established that later on the article Sendaris is sympathetic of what Hugh went through after his family moved to Mogadishu (Sendaris 247). I have witnessed also the fact that, the narrator has managed to pin point positive and inspiring events, in the African continent which is full of third world countries. The narrator portrays the negativity experienced in the three African countries which Hugh lived in as normal and intriguing. The themes the narrator is trying to display are admiration, jealously and sympathy. Sendaris’ view on what Hugh went through during his childhood is sarcastic. Judging from the narration, in reality Hugh’s experience, in Africa, has been rough and exhilarating. To my amazement, Sendaris is praising and admiring Hugh’s childhood, but this is controversial. I do not consider Hugh to be privileged because his family moves from one African country to another. In my analysis, I discovered that Sendaris’ praises and admirations on Hugh’s childhood are transitional. The transition moves from praise and admiration to jealousy and later on to sympathy. The transition does not depend on what Sendaris thinks of Hugh, but on what Hugh is experienced in his childhood. I categorize Sendaris’ description of Hugh’s childhood experience as overrated. Truthfully speaking, I know that the two countries which Hugh lived in when he was a child, that is Congo and Somali have suffered their share of suffering. Sendaris is sarcastic in his narration; he is intrigued with the thrilling events which Hugh came across. Experiences like seeing a man who had hanged himself on a pole (Sendaris 246) and an animal shot to death while Hugh and his fellow classmates watched (Sendaris 245) are

Child abuse problem within my community and propose a solution Research Paper

Child abuse problem within my community and propose a solution - Research Paper Example However, any type of abuse to a child tends to scar the child for life. In this study an attempt is being made at analyzing the problem of Child abuse and trying to find the right strategies and interventions that could be used to minimize the pain and trauma that a child goes through when such a catastrophe happens. Body – Literature review Child abuse is an ugly scar on society, that has a very negative impact on the community and society at large and hence there is a dire need to address this problem by putting an end to the physical, emotional and psychological scourge faced by such vulnerable children. There are many common factors that contribute towards child abuse. Some of these factors include physical abuse, sexual assault, neglect, high levels of stress, abusive childhood, depression and anxiety. Such abuse towards children leaves a lasting impression on them and impacts upon their own lives as they grow into adults. Such abused adults are a threat to their own fami lies and society because they continue to exhibit the same pattern of behavior right through their lives. According to (Cindy, 312) individuals who once get into the habit of abusing do not hesitate from extending this practice towards other members of the family thus further strengthening this trend in the society. (Cindy, 312) Child abuse has proved to have very long term effects on the society, children who are subjected to this blight tend to maintain the same attitude on their future generations especially their own kids. This way a cycle is developed which takes conscious and intended efforts to break in the years to come. (Mary, 250) Some of the reasons for its prevalence involve having being abused during their childhood, insecurity, frustration, revenge, health problems, ego- identity and poor self image which makes them fall an easy prey to Child abuse. Larry J. Siegel et al., (2010) sheds light on the different aspects of Juvenile Delinquency in his in-depth analysis and cutting edge seminal research work titled ‘Theory, Practice and Law.’ In addition to the controversial issues discussed, the authors examine the important initiatives and intervention programs to help children who are delinquents. Problematic issues such as drugs, gangs, delinquency and capital punishment for juveniles are also important aspects of his study. According to (Larry, et al., 2010) adolescent dilemma comprising of conflict, stress, ego identities and problems within the family, school and community serves as a potent ground because they make children vulnerable to Child abuse. Uncertainty of the future due to poor experiences in life makes them disillusioned, depressed and frustrated making them easy prey for child abusers. Statistical figures have exhibited an alarming rise as far as child abuse is concerned. In Greenville South Carolina; 1019 cases of child abuse were reported in the year 2005 which speaks volumes of the negative effects it might have infl icted on the community. (Larry, 64) (Rachel, 220) believes that children who are abused are driven to extreme attitudes; either they become too indifferent towards love or too aggressive which results in bullying other children and in the former case, end up being terrorized themselves. The pioneering work of (Ruth & Kempe, 2001) presents a statistical view of abused children in the United States. According to them about 2% to 6% of children have been injured through physical assault and neglect by

Effectiveness Of Motivational Strategy In Habib Bank

Effectiveness Of Motivational Strategy In Habib Bank In this modernized world where globalization is fast crating an effect, the workplace realities of the ancient organizations no longer exists (Roberts, 2003). It has become past and needs to be revised very carefully before any aspect of it can be implemented nowadays. It has become increasingly important for the organizations to introduce new methods and meet the new motivational needs of the employees. The reality of workplace, the changing work environment has increased the end for the managers to reconsider the methodologies of developing durable and strong relationship between the employees and organization that ultimately leads to the achievement of the organizations goals and objectives. A thorough and complete understanding of the employees motivational need has became important for the management in order to accomplish what employees expect from the organization in order to return what organization expect from them ( Beer et al, 1984).. Therefore it becomes clear from the re searches that a motivated work-force is an instrument of success for full filling the needs of a rapidly changing work environment for both, the employees and the organization. It also becomes clear that a well- motivated workforce will eventually lead to the organization achieving its goals and objectives in a better an efficient manner. To serve this purpose ob building a strong bond between the management and workforce, the role of the top management is very crucial in this respect. According to Carnige (1985), human capital is capable of playing a pivotal role compared to financial capital, in the effectiveness of the organization. In modern times people are believed to me a source of competitive advantage and carry more importance in leading a company towards success, rather than finance. What is actually motivation and how and why does it matter? In business terms, motivation is the desire of a firm to see a job done well and quickly. The highly motivated workforce becomes an instrument for the business to achieve its goals and objectives as cost effectively as may be possible. Motivated worker also try to reach their own personal objectives. The employers should be well aware of what these are .This is because the greatest motivation will develop if workers feel that working towards the business objectives is ultimately helping them achieve their own goals. A milestone in a success of an organization is fulfilling the continually changing needs of employees and the organization. A heavy responsibility rests on the shoulder of the management to develop durable and strong relationships between them. Companies expect workers to follow the rules according to the terms and conditions set for them. Employees in return expect fir pay, good working conditions, secure career, fair treatment, involvement in decisions and power. These expectations of both groups vary from company to company. For any business to deal with these expectations successfully a complete understanding of the employee motivation becomes necessary. (Beer et al, 1984 from pdf file motivation pak bank). It is usually that it is the organization and not managers that fail to hold managers responsible for creating motivation among the people. They fail to understand the role of motivation and its connection to job performance. One of the biggest challenges for HR is to persuade line managers to develop and manage people. These line managers should be able to build string and personal relationship with the employees through effective communication. There is a need for the line mangers to understand the nature of the employee and his subordinates and should be able to deal with the problems of workers effectively. A thorough understanding of the needs of the subordinates will eventually let the managers know what the employee aims for and what are their goals and objectives. They can then decide how to develop and implement strategies that will achieve the objectives of the company while letting the employees achieve their personal goals. Staff that is unmotivated will be reluctant to do their jobs quickly and efficiently and will only provide the minimal of what is required of them from the organization. It is important to know how well motivated staff will alter the levels of productivity and performance within a company, thus affecting the competitiveness of the business. A well motivated staff is not only able to increase productivity and performance but is also prepared to accept responsibility, willingly and happily. There is low labor turnover which reduces the business cost of hiring and training new labor. With a highly motivate staff, a business also benefits from low absenteeism rate and employees participate on making suggestions for improvements. (Peter) Theories of motivation and their significance in today world: There are many theories of well known theorists that deal with the factors that affect motivation. F. W Taylor- theory of scientific management. F.W Taylor proposed a theory of scientific management that emphasized that money is the motivating factor that affects the employees to the most. Scientific management defines a method of establishing an idea after studying, analyzing and recording performance at work, then altering working conditions and recording performance. This is the approach that Taylor used to establish his idea. This method of scientific management is still used in the companies today. Taylors theory was based upon the notion of economic man and he believed that when wages are based on output, it increases workers productivity. He maintained his belief that a fair days pay for fair days work is what motivated staff to do better. But critics also say that money moves the workers to work, not motivate them. The other renowned theory of theorist is the Elton mayo Hawthorne affect. He carried out some experiments with a group of line workers. Changes in rest periods, canteen food, assembly bench lay out were made at a particular interval. Before every major change, the upcoming change was discussed with the workers. At the end of the experiment when working conditions were returned to the original, it was noticed that the output rose far above the level before the experiment. He drew some conclusions from his work that is as follows: Alterations in financial rewards or changes in working conditions have little or no effect on a workers productivity When management consult with workers before any major changes are made that affects them, motivation is improved When some control over their own working lives is given to workers, there is improved motivation Groups can establish their own targets and goals, and these can be greatly influenced by the informal leaders of the group. Taylors approach is important but not widely held today. Many workers, now a days seek for a respectable job rather than a one which is not valued but is being paid. Workers who have money as their basic need still moves towards a job offering a handsome wage/salary but they are unable to be motivated and still continue the job for money. This reduces job performance and productivity is affected. Maslow- hierarchy of needs One of another major theorist that takes a good position among the motivation theorist is Maslow. He extensively wrote on the subject concepts of the hierarchy of needs. He became a leader of the humanistic school of psychology and looked at the needs of human beings arranged like a hierarchy. The Maslow theory consists of two parts. The first one concerns the classification of the needs and the second part relates theses needs with each other. Maslow arranged the needs in a pyramid. Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs that workers have. He suggested that these have to be fulfilled step by step. He identified and classified the basic needs that a human being has. The pyramid starts from physical needs that occupy the lowest level of hierarchy. The top level becomes the self actualization with three levels of needs in between. Maslow suggested that once a worker achieves the lower level of need, he strives for the next level. Management should be aware on what level their employees a re, and moving them trio next level, thus keeping him motivated for his job. The sequence of the Maslows pyramid is as follows: Physiological needs: these are the strongest needs. This is because if a person is deprived, the physiological needs would come first to fulfill his satisfaction. The physiological needs consist of needs like oxygen, clothing, food and shelter. These needs are the priority before any other class of need. Safety needs: this class of needs includes job security accompanied with a secured working environment. A sense of job security is essential for an employee to stay motivated towards his work with the addition of a hygiene environment with safe equipments if required. Love and belonging: the need of belonging and affection is necessary to overcome the feeling of loneliness. To overcome this, team work should be encouraged within an organization along with other social activities that instill in an employee a feeling of belonging and being a part of the organization. Esteem needs: this class of need is defined by the receipt of recognition of what the employee has achieved at work. There are chances that a worker may feel worthless and in valuable if he is not appreciated. This level of need can be achieved by the announcement of achievements publicly at events. Self actualization: this is the top level of the hierarchy. Very few workers have the potential to reach this level. This class defines need as to be given added responsibility with new challenges and promotions in his career. This theory has its own complications. Maslow did not suggest any criteria to measure which level of need has actually been satisfied. Each kevel is dependent upon the level below. The whole system might collapse if a level goes missing in between. It is also hard to say that a particular level is achieved of an employee and now the next level must be targeted. Adam- equity theory Another theory of motivation, widely recognized is the Adams equity theory of motivation. Adam proposed a very simple theory that suggested that employees balance their inputs against their out. The input is not only in the form of time that is put into work measured against the financial reward that is received as output but input also includes all the factors affecting working conditions and the worker at work. Similarly, output also includes the response, the recognition and the praise or the negative attitude experienced as a result of the job being done. The attitudes that lead to positive outcomes is repeated and attitude that lead to negative outcomes is avoided. It becomes difficult for the managers to know exactly what the employee perceives of the output against their input. Moreover inputs of the work and out puts of the work cannot be measured literally in order to calculate and balance both against each other. Herzberg- two factor theory But here our major focus would be on the Herzberg motivational theory that we desire to implement on our project. Herzberg (1923-2000) proposed a theory recognized by the world as the two factor theory. Herzberg, despite basing his research on just 200 professional workers, Herzbergs two factor theory and his conclusions has left the greatest impact on motivational practices. A survey was conducted through interviews and questionnaires that aim to know the following things: Identification of these factors that lead the workers to think very positively about their work and those factors that led them to think very negatively about their job. His conclusions reveled the following: Advancement, work itself, responsibility, achievement and the recognition for achievement were the factors relating to job satisfaction. Administration and company policy, salary, supervision, relationship with others and working conditions were these factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. These factors were termed as hygiene factors by Herzberg. Conclusions of Herzbergs work. Herzbergs two factor theory carried the hygiene factors and the motivators. Hygiene factors included working conditions, pay rates etc. these hygiene factors can eb improved in order to remove dissatisfaction from the jab but they will not help creating a motivated albor for ce. Herzberg argued that it was readily possible to move someone to do a job by paying him but it will not actually motivate him for doing the job. Similarly, he proposed that motivators, that are principles of job enrichment (encouragement, added responsibility, recognition), need to be in place to motivate the labor force to perform a task. These principles of job enrichment include Offering complete units of work: a typical mass production method only allows workers to assemble small units of a finished product. This is not motivating as the repetitive and small, invaluable task is not interesting. It also prevents workers to receive the appreciation and the importance what they are contributing to the production process. When workers are offered the complete tasks, it gives them the motivation to do a job effectively. It bears in them feeling of achievement of producing the goods themselves. Herzberg puts this idea as if u want your employees to perform a good job, offer them a good job. Feed back on performance: this communication enables workers to feel recognized and they are motivated to achieve more. A range of tasks: a range of tasks, when offered to workers is challenging and makes it interesting as their first experience if given them the first time. This provides the employees the opportunity to explore their abilities and provide incentive for the business to achieve the full potential of the workers. Analysis and evaluation of Herzberg work: As we will be implementing Herzbergs approach to her research, an analysis and evaluation of its work becomes necessary. Team working and delegation of complete tasks with much less close supervision is becoming increasingly popular in todays industrial world. Organization ensure effective communication is present between management and the workforce and this two way effective communication itself becomes a motivating factor. There is little doubt that that the increasing trend towards Herzberg approach is fast becoming popular, but many researchers who have used Herzbergs methods still argue and theory experimenting failed to arrive at such a clear cut conclusion. This wouldnt be wrong to hold Herzberg responsible for this evolution and this change would have been slower without the theories put forward by the Herzberg. Herzberg identified five main factors that resulted in job satisfaction. These factors can easily be identified in an organization and can be used for evaluation. The five main factors include achievement, recognition for achievement, responsibility, nature of work itself and advancement. These are the factors which can easily be identified if they exist in an organization. Similarly Herzberg gave five main factors that resulted in job dissatisfaction. These are termed as companys administration and policy, salary, supervision working conditions and relationships. This factor can easily be searched for in an organization to determine the effects of motivation. Service sector throughout the world is greatly dependent upon the human resource. Be it Habib bank ltd in Pakistan or RBS in Scotland, the banking sector and its success mainly depends upon the level of skilled, capable and most important motivated workforce. A motivated workforce does not only increase the performance at work but increased performance and satisfactory interaction among the clients and colleagues leads to high productivity. This in turn creates satisfied customers which forms the basis of success for any organization. Significance of motivation for commercial banks: Commercial banks are structures that are maintained and developed my human resources that ensure the delivery of a good service. The process that ensures the delivery of a good eservice is affected by the individual motivation of labor force whether skilled, unskilled, professional or unprofessional. The increased growth of service industry, commercial banks are struggling foe workers possessing the ability of providing quality service. And their labor is the best source if providing best services to their customers. Excellent services being offered and provided by the employees is able to create a positive perception among the eyes of the banking consumers. ( pdf file motivation pak bank petcharak 2004) Commercial banks play a vital role in the world wide economy. Research concludes that today it is becoming challenging for management in Pakistan to motivate their employees, especially those employed at commercial banks, to provide a quality service with increasing competitive market in the specified sector, i.e. commercial banks. The tough competition is making difficult to provide best of services to its clientele, thus satisfying their needs effectively. Theoretical frame work. Our research aims to find out the effectiveness of motivation strategies at HBL. To measure the effectiveness, the first step is to find out the variables that are creating motivation within the employees at HBL. Once the variables are identified a sample of 75 respondents will be selected from various departments of various posts, qualification and experience. These sample size is selected to determine the research question and research objective. The questionnaire will carry pout the research and will obtain the result that will identify the factors that create little or no, and high motivation among the employees. These factors when identifies will be classified under the motivators and the hygiene factors. These motivators and hygiene factors must be forming a part of the motivational strategy of the management at HBL that will effective or ineffective in creating motivation. The highly effective and the little effective will then be measured against the performance level of the workers when implemented. According to the results, those strategies will be labeled as successful or unsuccessful. For the unsuccessful strategies recommendations will be made . Research conducted through a questionnaire Identification of the factors affecting the level of motivation Identification of factors creating job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction Classifying them into hygiene factors and motivators Result on motivation result on motivation when When hygiene factors motivators implemented. implemented. Measure the effect Measure the effect on work On work performance performance. Employee motivation and work performance: Improving the work performance has always been and will continue to be the major concern of all businesses. It is the performance of work that creates satisfied managers and/or dissatisfied managers. The work performance has always been an important issue for the businesses as their success and failure depends upon the performance displays by their workforce. A manager when pays the employee, expects to return the worth of what is paid to him. In case of failure to do so, many workplace issues are created that managers then need to deal with. It is not always possible for managers to repay the accurately the input employee has put into work. This is because there exist no method to measure the input against the output wh9ich the employee receives or perceives. Failure to come up to the expectation results in demotivation. Is also seen, as described by the expectancy theory that workers expect according to what they see around. Now it becomes difficult for managers to know how they pe rceive their work output and it is compared to whose job. The performance at work is not only dependent upon the skills and abilities the worker possesses but there are many factors that exist which creates and leave an impact upon the performance of the employee. A well-motivated employee results in well performed job and an unsatisfied employee who is unmotivated towards his job naturally results in a poor job performance. But the question what motivates man to perform better has many answers. There are many motivational factors as discussed above that leaves an impact upon the motivation of the employees. When discussing and implementing the Herzberg theory, we see the hygiene factors create job satisfaction and not motivation but the motivators when placed creates motivation that results in a high performance of the job. For instance providing hygiene conditions at work place will not create motivation for the worker to perform the job but the satisfactory working conditions will make the employee continue the job a and not create a desire to do the job. Therefore a hygiene working environment will have no effect upon the performance of the job. But, if on the other hand, a worker is praised for his achievements and efforts, he will be happy and will be eager to achieve more, thus increasing his job performance. Increasing job performance includes increased productivity, putting in extra effort in the job and probably low absenteeism with happy workers who look at the golas and objectives of the company through which they can not only achieve their personal objective but companies goals become their goals and business objectives as their objectives. When performance at work is increased in any of the forms mentioned above, the company benefits from it. For a manufacturing business increased quality and quantity of it products will attract consumers which will benefit the company. In the service sector, a motivated staff will result in a cooperative and positive attitude and interactions with the customers and colleagues which will create thousands of satisfied customers. Customer service being very important in the service sector is completely dependent upon the attitude and behavior of the employees which is directly proportional to their motivation level. This motivation level is depended upon many factors like motivators described by Herzberg and others as described by many of the other renowned theorists. Linkage between objectives and questions with the theories and concept Research question/objectives Theories and concepts